sand filter machine

ABSTRACT 

In daily life sand is used for the construction, and manufacturing for building’s constructions. For this construction we needed more sand filtered and different sizes for different construction process like Column/Beam construction, Plaster, Flooring etc. The conventional sand separation methods required more time and labor, it increase the separation time and labor cost. It is very slow process hence decrease production rate hence Conventional method are not suitable for large production. That’s why we decide to design and fabricate the Multi stage sand separator and filter for a future used. Our designed machine is used for the three different sizes of sand. We used three different sizes of filter and three different compartment to get sand separately This machine works on single slider crank mechanism The AC motor coupled with pulley and V-belt mounted on it. The motor started then belt drive through power and motion transmitted to the next stepped pulley this is attached to the separator and this separator will vibrate and sand will goes down and remaining sand will goes to the next filter This filter will vibrate with first separator steeped pulley through belt drive in this separator the sand will separate and remaining will goes to the third filter it’s also get power from second separator and sand will get separated in three compartment and remaining big Stones, Coal, Wood etc will get outside of machine.

Keywords

Motor, Pulley, Shaft, Belt, Separator, Sand, Sand Filter Machine   

 INTRODUCTION

Here we demonstrate the design & fabrication system. Sand is used in construction, manufacturing and many industries. Sand needs to be filtered and separated from unneeded particles, stones and other large particles before it is put to use. Our system puts forward a fully automated sand filtering and separator system that automatically filters sand poured on it. Here we use a motorized shaft that is mounted horizontally using mounts. The shaft is connected to a filter frame with mesh below and enclosing frame on the sides. We now have a rod connected from the shaft to the filter frame in a way such as to achieve the best horizontal motion. Also we have a frame to hold the filter frame in place while ensuring proper horizontal motion at the same time. On switching on the motor using our motor controller circuit, the system allows to operate the motor. This allows us to operate the sand filter motion for appropriate sand filtering needs.

Generally while preparing the concrete for construction purpose, the process of sieving are carried out manually. Sieving of sand is carried out using rectangular mesh which is inclined at certain angle. In the present sand sieving method, the sample is subjected to horizontal movement in accordance with the chosen method. This causes a relative motion between the particles and the sieve. Depending on their size the individual particles either pass through the sieve mesh or retained on the sieve surface. There are different machines that are being used for sand Sieving, but we demonstrate the design & fabrication of automatically driven sand sieving machine which have low cost and simple in operation.

This project focuses in design, fabrication of the mechanical part of machine and the system of the sieve machine. To achieve this project objective, this sieve machine body structure and mechanical system needs to concern some other criteria such as strength, safety and ergonomic design. This project flow must start from design, analysis, and lastly fabrication process Before develop the sieve machine, it must compare with other product in market. It is because to study the customer need and to create a new design with new feature.

 Working Principle 

The Horizontal sieving machine is very easy to construct and can be operated easily. It is very economic among this kind of machines. This project is fabricated with the help of parts like a motor, crank and slider link mechanism, bearing, caster wheels, sieving box. The horizontal sieving machine is worked on the basis of crank and slider mechanism. Here crank is attached to the sieve box the power is given by motor through pulley belt arrangement. The rail track is attached at the base in which the sieving box moves in it. The sieving box fixed with the crank shaft in order to move when the crank shaft is reciprocated. The sieving box is placed inside the rail track and the machine is started. When the sieving box moves in the reciprocating motion the sieving process is performed.

COMPONENTS USED IN SAND FILTER

-Slider crank arrangement             
-Caster wheels
-Supported Frame
-Shaft
-Bearings
- Metallic net
-Motor
-Belt
-Pulley 

- SLIDER CRANK MECHANISM 

Slider-crank mechanism, arrangement of mechanical parts designed to convert straight-line motion to rotary motion, as in a reciprocating piston engine, or to convert rotary motion to straight-line motion, as in a reciprocating piston pump. This mechanism is used in our project to provide reciprocating motion to sieve box

- CASTER WHEEL 

A caster is a wheeled device typically mounted to a larger object that enables relatively easy rolling movement of the object. Casters are essentially special housings that include a wheel, facilitating the installation of wheels on objects. Casters are found virtually everywhere, from office desk chairs to shipyards, from hospital beds to automotive factories. They range in size from the very small furniture casters to massive industrial casters, and individual load capacities span 100 pounds (45 kg) or less to 100,000 pounds (45 t). Wheel materials include cast iron, plastic, rubber, polyurethane, forged steel, stainless steel, aluminum, and more.
Casters are categorized in various ways. For example, a caster may be generally classified as either a plate or stem caster, depending on how it attaches to its load.
Plate caster: This is the most commonly used mounting mechanism. Mounting plates (sometimes called "top plates") typically provide four holes which are used to bolt the caster to the load.
Stem caster: This type of caster has a stem which is inserted into a mating receptacle on the load. Common types of stems include threaded, round or square with mounting holes, grip-ring (also called "friction ring"), and expandable.
Casters are also generally classified as either a swivel or rigid type. A swivel caster pivots around a kingpin to allow it to rotate and roll. The rigid (also called "fixed") caster has its wheel mounted in a fixed frame (also call "housing," "rig," "fork," or "yoke") and it only rolls forward and backward.

 -SUPPORTED FRAME 

 The supported frame is used to support the components. The total arrangement is depends on this frame. This frame is made of iron or mild steel.

-SHAFT 

 A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used to transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces power to machine which absorbs power. The various members such as pulleys and gears are mounted on it.
They are mainly classified into two types.
 Transmission shafts are used to transmit power between the source and the machine absorbing power e.g. counter shafts and line shafts.
 Integral part of the machine itself; e.g. crankshaft.

-BEARINGS 

 A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts.

    Rotary bearings hold rotating components such as shafts or axles within mechanical systems, and transfer axial and radial loads from the source of the load to the structure supporting it. The simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing, consists of a shaft rotating in a hole. Lubrication is used to reduce friction. In the ball bearing and roller bearing, to reduce sliding friction, rolling elements such as rollers or balls with a circular cross-section are located between the races or journals of the bearing assembly. A wide variety of bearing designs exists to allow the demands of the application to be correctly met for maximum efficiency, reliability, durability and performance.

-METALLIC NET 

 A metal net is a barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible or ductile materials. A mesh is similar to a web or a net in that it has many attached or woven strands.

-MOTOR 

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of rotation of a shaft. Electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources, such as a power grid, inverters or electrical generators. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but operates in the reverse direction, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

                 Electric motors may be classified by considerations such as power source type, internal construction, application and type of motion output. In addition to AC versus DC types, motors may be brushed or brushless, may be of various phase (see single-phase, twophase, or three-phase), and may be either air-cooled or liquid-cooled. General-purpose motors with standard dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use. The largest electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped-storage applications with ratings reaching 100 megawatts. Electric motors are found in industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools and disk drives. Small motors may be found in electric watches. 

-BELT 

A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more rotating shafts mechanically, most often parallel. Belts may be used as a source of motion, to transmit power efficiently or to track relative movement. Belts are looped over pulleys and may have a twist between the pulleys, and the shafts need not be parallel.
 In a two pulley system, the belt can either drive the pulleys normally in one direction (the same if on parallel shafts), or the belt may be crossed, so that the direction of the driven shaft is reversed (the opposite direction to the driver if on parallel shafts). As a source of motion, a conveyor belt is one application where the belt is adapted to carry a load continuously between two points. The belt drive can also be used to change the speed of rotation, either up or down, by using different sized pulleys.

-PULLEY  

 Pulley may have a groove or grooves between flanges around its circumference to locate the cable or belt. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain.
A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt. In the case of a pulley supported by a frame or shell that does not transfer power to a shaft, but is used to guide the cable or exert a force, the supporting shell is called a block, and the pulley may be called a sheave